The factory system on the rise of labor movements in the period before the Civil War Essay Example for Free

The manufactory system on the rise of labor movements in the period before the urbane War EssayThe factory system that developed in the early nineteenth century utilized new complex technology to manufacture consumer items on a large scale. These products, traditionally produced by families in their homes or by small shops in a cottage industry, could now, by means of the machines and assembly lines of the factory system, be turned out of large facilities in standardized qualities, and by a mass of workers in tremendous volumes.These workers were pulled away from their farms and homes in the countryside to be housed unitedly and to labor side by side in the factory shops. In these conditions the workers could be educated, supervised, trained, and managed efficiently.As a result of these machines and organizing methods, the cost of the finished consumer products fell dramatically, movement small shops and craftsmen out of business. Intense competition developed between compe ting factories and their owners, and this led to the ruthless exploitation of labor, including the abuse of women and children, the working of long hours without rest, and meager wages, as the first ways of cutting costs and increasing competitive advantage.The factory system allowed for the accumulation of enormous profits to the owners, but the workers grew increasingly weary of these oppressions and so they began to organize themselves into unions for collective actions and collective bargaining, to develop and consume anti-capitalist philosophies such as those taught by socialists and communists, and to go on strikes. In the beginning, governments in Europe and the U.S. generally sided with the factory owners and helped to overcome worker strikes, but workers continued over time to resist, to organize themselves, and to agitate for change.1) Chief Justice John Marshall emphasized that the Constitution gave Congress the originator to make all necessary and proper laws needed t o carry out its delegated powers. How did the necessary and proper article apply to the case of McCulloch v. doc? What was the impact of this article on the scope of federal power?In 1817 a dispute arose between the Maryland Legislature and the Second savings bank of the United States. The Bank, without charter of the legislature, began operations in Baltimore, and set about competing with other duly-authorized banks. In response, on February 11, 1818, the General Assembly of Maryland passed an act entitled, an act to impose a tax on all banks, or branches thereof, in the State of Maryland, not chartered by the legislature.James McCulloch, head of the Baltimore Branch of the Second Bank of the United States, refused to pay the tax. Maryland sought collection, and asserted that the Constitution of the United States gave no specific authorization for the Federal Government to charter a bank, and in court, Maryland won the case. The Bank appealed to the Supreme Court, where Chief Just ice Marshall overturned the decision and forever altered to nature and expression of federal power.Marshall cited the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution, asserting that this empowered Congress to employ any means necessary to achieve any objectives that be not specifically forbidden by the Constitution. He said let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the constitution, are constitutional.The Federal Government has since employed this precedent repeatedly to justify ordinary and controversial principle and centralization of authority, to the extent that the several States retain exclusive jurisdiction over practically nothing.

Education Essays Public Schools Education

rearing Essays Public Schools EducationPublic Schools Education annulPublic directs have always been a milestone of the social history of the United States. Despite arguments against them, many discipline researchers believe they still have an primal send out in the pedagogy shape. Schools supervisors short-change an important role in commandment with a potential to extend their role in evaluation as needed in commandment reform. The aim of this essay is to admit a brief yet a comprehensive review on the arguments on in the unexclusive eye(predicate) direction, tutordays supervision, and evaluation of procreation and school supervisors.Supervising and frequent schoolsPublic facts of life is a milestone in the US social history. The society is multicultural and ethnically diverse thus common schools were an endeavor to create a consistent society, starting by young people, through providing a common course catalog coming up from the newly rising Anglo-Ameri toler ate socialization. The people of the US live a long dated democratic political tradition therefore, they look at education as a key feature to the principle of equal opportunity.In addition, beca utilisation of the capitalist economy is one with high competition, education becomes essential to success. just about Americans translate the phrase public education as run by elected civil authorities, and supported by taxpayers so these schools should provide free education. However, schools, by this definition, did not exist in colonial America. Thus, the roots of public education may have come from British Grammar schools, missionary (Spanish) schools in Mexico and Latin America, and perhaps the underground secret (clandestine) schools of black slaves.Public education systems reflect the societys preconceptions, economic and political conflicts, and social ranking. Therefore, second to national defense, no government-provided service attracted the attention of the public in the US a s education does (Encyclopedia of American Social History, 1993).Arguments on public educationWest (1994) looked at the history of public (government financed) education in two UK and the U.S, and came out with statements that disapprove the common vox populi the state should be the major supervisor and support to education. West (1994) showed that percentage of government spending on school education in UK was almost the same before and after schooling laws in 1830.The author inferred that measuring the educational output by the powerfulness to read and write shows no large effect of government involvement. In addition, West (1994), claimed the ultimate development of the public education system was essentially the force of the endeavors of individuals managing it, motivated by self-interest. Thus, the result was to substitute, not to support and reinforce the earlier private education system.Young and Block (1999), summarized the arguments in favor of public education, they su ggested quatern categories. The first argument for public education is the assertion that it produces large positive case irrespective of cost (economic argument). In other words, by public education rising generations benefit the society as a whole. Therefore, it is logic for the society to share in how to educate, disburse the cost of education, and does not pass on the process completely to private enterprises. In addition, increased economic productivity of educated people reflects on the productivity of the society.A second channel is that public education ensures the moral ideas, concepts, and beliefs the system needs to put in our children. This may not have a direct economic impact but its effect on crime rates, drug abuse and youth culture is evident if proper guidance and coaching are avail equal to(p). Second argument is that public education is prerequisite because parents may not be adequately educated to choose suitable schooling for their children (education argume nt).However, whether this argument is an advantage to the public system teaching the youth what the public body wants rather that what they or their parents want, remains open to discussion. This argument explains at most one generation of public education, after that this generation should be able to choose an education for their children. Third, the substantial resources of the government are what can provide proper investment in human capital. In addition, even if most parents can afford educating their children, however, the young generation cannot afford to pay education costs for themselves.A strong argument against a total private system of education (democratic argument) is it endorses and spreads inequality. Children coming from rich backgrounds should not superior education, and added chance of success, irrespective of their skills and abilities. The occurrence that family environment is a significant forecaster of school coiffureance, increases the effect of this argume nt. The basic fact remains, since education is important for the public, public education should be available (Young and Block, 1999).School SupervisionThe rationale (philosophy) of school supervisionThe basic objective for education is to provide an environment where all students can learn and ultimately become successful and productive members of society.There are six concepts to succeed as a attracter of a school and be able to put this philosophy into action vision, culture, management, community, ethics, and politics.The choices to lead (supervise or coach) are the instructors response of vision of the education philosophy and aim, practical theories and are affected at the same time by the teachers personality and response to certain situations. Keeping this vision ensures that successful lead leads to students achievements (Sergiovanni, 2006).Teachers should try to create a tailored plan for all students to ensure that meets everyones needs. The classroom teachers moldi ness(prenominal)iness oversee this plan by frequent assessments. These assessments get out guide instructing the students to ensure making that progress for all students. A supervisor must provide training for teachers, so they meet the eventual endeavor. (Nanus, 1992).The culture of the school as a learning community depends on two essential consciousnesss first, the school is a place where all staff strength are committed to the success of the school. Second, a learning community is one that accepts others and their differences, and is a community that establishes an environment of good morals as caring and plebeian respect. Developing a school culture is a necessity to develop a learning community. In this respect, supervisors represent the model behavior that sets the school culture (Rooney, 2005).The school community is not only the people within the school, it is the community outside the school related to and mixed up with the school students (as family and community bus inesses). Thus, the school leader must understand the needs of the community where the school is (Epstein, 1995).In managing resources, the school leadership must guarantee that all school sections receive suitable awareness. A school leader must have a clear vision for student accomplishment and learning curve. Teachers and support staff dealing with students must have a matching vision, as they are members of the school team. School ethics relates mainly to shared and common caring, respect and decency. The school leader must be an ethical role model for those in the school, and must display the spirit of standard morals and professional standards at all times. The leader must be an example to respect, even-handedness, reliance, and integrity in all decisions. This will promote the highest morals and ethics throughout the school personnel and gain parents trust (Sergiovanni, 2006).Supervisors and Education reformIn education reform, educational supervisors need to add concepts of coaching to the scope of their mission to be able to readjust the notion of educational supervisor. There is no clear definition to educational coaching, yet the term implies teaching, supervising, building, and following up the learning and skill development curve of students. This sounds standardized in many ways to supervision, it is true there are connections between ideas and procedures of both terms.Van Kessel (2007) was more direct in describing the mainstay qualities of coaching. As draw by Van Kessel (2007), coaching represents individualized, mutual effort, spotlights students progress, and focuses on results. Its center of attention is on developing solutions and not only on analyzing problems. It looks at objectives development and goal establishment in cooperation among the coach, teachers and students.It needs building up a methodical goal-directed process to advance goal achievement. Further, the coach should motivate student reactivity to support learning and deve lopment. Finally, coaching focuses at stimulating self-directed and self-reflective learning, and at developing self-regulated progress to back unremitting change (van Kessel, 2007, English translation).Evaluation of education and school supervisorsFormative-Summative evaluationDefining formative assessment points to the assumptions and actions educators can take based on the results of an assessment in other words, it is progression of plans and practices following an appraisal. integrating the perception of formative assessment in education occurred over 35 years ago into the practice of education. In procedural terms, it means that students do not advance to the forecoming learning objective unless they pass an assessment in the present one.Finishing a specific learning unit, the teacher initiates an exercise based on a standardized teaching method. The teacher conducts an assessment for that unit, based on the students results the teacher then classifies students into those who have mastered the unit and those who are not. For the unsuccessful group, the teacher employs diagnostic information collected from the assessment to apply corrective action usually in the form of directions to support the students weaknesses in understanding the subjects of the test.Thus, an essential point of formative assessment concept is that its main objective is to heighten students teaching (William, 2006). Formative assessment may take many forms (verbal, writing, miserable or focus group) depending on the aims of evaluation and the students skills teaching aimed to develop (William, 2006).Summative evaluation, on the other hand, is a product (education) evaluation (Jeffs and Smith, 2005). It aims at evaluating the outcome and efficiency of an initiative, a process or a project (as education). Thus, it emphasizes on the aims and consequences of education. It seeks to clarify if a process working in a certain place can work in another place with the same conditions.In simp le words, Summative evaluation is a way to decide the value of an education program at the end its activities. Thorough complete (comprehensive) testing or widespread all-inclusive (full- scene of action) studies are the common methods of performing summative assessment. Its main use is to collect data on the effect of a running program in society for sometime (Jeffs and Smith, 2005).Role of supervisors as it relates to evaluationSchool supervisors perform three interlinking roles, they are admit and assessment, providing support and offer guidance, and take the part of liaison (connection) officer between the higher education authorities and the school. The control function relates closely to inspection, and covers educational and administrative domains. This control function relates to evaluation of teachers and assisting staff.Support and guidance functions whether to teachers or student need knowledge of evaluation both formative and summative. Connecting schools with higher ed ucational authorities is a form of upright liaison function however, supervisors can also play a parallel swimming liaison role spreading ideas and creating a school learning environment among the staff and students. There is an increasing awareness that supervisors role should extend to system evaluation because there is a need to education reform and increasing the quality function of the available schools (International Institute of Educational Planning (UNESCO), 2007)ConclusionMy idea of a school supervisor entails belief, hope, and engagement in students interests. My belief is teacher supervision is more like coaching a team coming up with dependable and genuine ideas that can be signs of devotion and real hard work of teachers. I also believe in the important role public schools play in the society and that education reform should start within the school environment first.My hope is to be able to achieve the high expectations of a school supervisor in advancing students lea rning, share positively in teaching planning and processes, and fulfill my responsibilities in creating a caring and respectable learning environment. I can assess the students interests and needs as well as assess the quality of school supervision through performing continuous evaluation.I will also be able to recognize where I can improve the teachers performance and to prove professional endeavors that will help improving the process of public education. I will have my share in backing the commitments to the state law and policies of board of education as well as the district education guidelines documents.ReferencesEncyclopedia of American Social History (Volume 3) (1993). The American Religious Experience. Retrieved 10/06/2008, from Epstein, J. (1995). School/family/community partnerships caring for the children we share. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(9), 701-712.International Institute of Educational Planning (UNESCO). (2007). Reforming school supervision for quality improvement Module 2 Roles and functions of supervisors. Paris IIIEP/UNESCO.Jeffs, T. and Smith, M. K. (2005). Informal Education. Conversation, democracy and learning (3rd edition). Nottingham Educational Heretics Press.Nanus, B. (1992). Visionary leadership creating a compelling disposition of direction for your organization. San Francisco, CA John Wiley Sons Inc.Rooney, J. (2005). School culture an invisible essential. Educational Leadership, 62(5), 86.Sergiovanni, T. (2006). The principalship a reflective practice perspective (5th edition). Boston Allyn and Bacon.Van Kessel, L. (2007). Coaching, a field for professional supervisors. Ljetopis socijalnog rada, 14(2), 387-432.West, E G (1994). Education and the state. Indianapolis Liberty Fund Inc.William, D. (2006). Formative assessment Getting the focus right. Educational Assessment, 11(34), 283-289.Young, A and Block, W. (1999). Enterprising Education Doing Away with the Public School System. International Journal of Value-Based Management, 12, 195-207.

Mathematics in General Chemistry

Mathematics in world(a) ChemistryPrep bed by Paul Okweye and Malinda GilmorePurpose of the proveTo acquire knowledge in the bea of units of measurements and learn how to use dimensional analysis to solve word problems that will be used throughout General Chemistry. In addition, students will learn the importance of statistical analysis in General Chemistry laboratory experiments and also rules with respect to exponential musical note and operative figures.Background In nameationMathematics in chemistry is essential. bingle cannot truly perform a chemical experiment without utilizing mathematics in their data and results. Therefore, it is unequivocal that one grasp the concept of the important topics or areas of mathematics that will be utilized throughout General Chemistry and the General Chemistry laboratory. nigh of the areas that will be discussed herein are as followsUnits of criterionStatistical analytic thinkingExponential note of hand and earthshaking elaboratesG raphing and y = mx + bUnits of measuring rodChemistry is all about observing chemical reactions and physical changes. There are two types of observations in Chemistry qualitative observations and quantitative observations. Qualitative observations live of non-numerical observations, much(prenominal) as the color of a substance or its physical appearance. Quantitative observations consist of numerical data, such as the temperature at which a chemical substance melts or its mass. With respect to qualitative observations, in order to record and report measurements, scientist utilizes the metric system. The metric system is used internationally and is called the world-wide Systems of Units (SI). The International Systems of Units are shown below in Table 1.Measured PropertyName of UnitAbbreviationMassKilogramkgLengthMetermTimeSecondsTemperatureKelvinKAmount of substancemolemolTable 1. SI Base UnitsLarger and small quantities are expressed by using appropriate prefixes with the base unit (Table 2).PrefixSymbolExamplegigaG1 gigameter (Gm) = 109 mmegaM1 megameter (Mm) = 106 mkilok1 kilogram (kg) = 103 ghectoh1 hectogram (hg) = 100 gdekada1 dekagram (dag) = 10 gdecid1 decigram (dg) = 0.1 gcentic1 centigram (cg) = 0.01 gmillim1 milligram (mg) = 0.001gmicrom1 microgram (mg) = 10-6 gnanon1 nanogram (ng) = 10-9 gpicop1 picogram (pg) = 10-12 g Table 2. Prefixes used in the Metric SystemMethod for Solving Conversions including Units of MeasurementDimensional analysis is a problem-solving system that uses the fact that any number or expression can be multiplied by one without ever-changing its value. It is a very useful technique.Equation 1.1 (Proportionality Conversion Factor) shows how dimensional analysis can be applied in solving problems in Chemistry. A symmetricalness calculate is a ratio (fraction) whose numerator and deno bet onator have different units but refer to the same thing. A proportionality factor is often called a conversion factor because it enable s us to convert from one kind of unit to a different kind of unit.An typeface of how this can be used is belowExample 1What would be the value of 157 g if you were to convert it to kilograms (kg)? reply 1Conversion factor needed 1000 grams 1 kilogramThe dimensional analysis method can be useful if the by-line techniques for analyzing the problem properly are taken into considerationIdentify the information given, including units.Identify the information needed in the set, including units.Find a relationship between the known information and unknown answer, and plan a strategy for getting from one to the early(a).Solve the problem.Check your work outTable 3 includes some common conversion factors.Mass1 lb = 16 oz = 0.4536 kg1 ton = 2000 lbLength1 in = 2.54 x 10-2 m = 2.54 cm1 ft = 12 in = 0.3048 m1 yd = 3 ft = 36 in = 0.9144 m1 mi = 1760 yd = 5280 ft = 1609 mVolume1 L = 10-3 m3 = 1 dm3 = 103 cm31 L = 1.06 qt1 gal = 4 qt = 8 pt = 3.785 L1 pt = 2 cups = 16 fluid ouncesTime1 min = 60 s1 hr = 60 min = 3600 s1 d = 24 hr = 1440 min = 86,400 sTemperatureoC = K 273.15oC = 5/9 (oF 32)oF = (oC x 9/5) + 32Pressure1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 105 Pa1 torr = 1 mm Hg = 133.322 Pa1 atm = 760 torr = 101,325 N/m2 = 101,325 PaEnergy1 cal = 4.184 JTable 3. Common Conversion FactorsExample 2If an object has a weight of 0.025 ounces (oz), what is its mass in milligrams (mg)?Solution 2Conversion Factor Needed16 ounces (oz) 0.4536 kilogram (kg)1000 grams (g) 1 kilogram (g)1000 milligram (mg) 1 gram (g)Example 3 If the temperature of warm milk was 75oF, what would the temperature be in oC and K?Solution 3Conversion Factor Needed oC First you must(prenominal) convert to oF to oCSecond you must convert oC to KStatistical AnalysisAverageThe most common statistic used to analyze a set of repeated measurements is the symbolize, or average. We calculate the mean by taking the sum, , of the individual measurements, x, and dividing by the number of measurements, n, as shown in Equation 2. Example 4An experiment was performed where one measured the mass of a penny using a balance. The experiment was done 5 times and the results were as follows 6.47 g, 9.24 g, 4.67 g, 6.54 g, 5.55 g. What is the average, or mean of this experiment?Solution 4Mean = measure 5 is the number of trials (n)Experimental ErrorIf you measure a quantity in the laboratory, you may be required to report the error in the result, the fight between your result and the accepted value (Eqn. 3), or the percent error (Eqn. 4).Eqn. 3Eqn. 4Example 5A laboratory experiment was performed ascertain the melting point of pure aspirin. The accepted value of the melting point of pure aspirin is 140oC. Experimentally, you tried to determine that value, but you obtain the temperature value of 134oC, 150oC, 145oC, 140oC and 142oC. a) depend the error in measurement, and b) Calculate the overall percent error.Solution 5Step 1 Determine the average (mean) value from the experiment.Mean =Step 2 Determine the error in measurement.Error in Measurement =Step 3 Determine the percent error.Percent Error = Standard Deviation science laboratory measurements can be in error for two basic reasons. First, in that location may be determinate errors caused by faulty instruments or human errors such as incorrect record keeping. Secondly, indeterminate errors arise from uncertainties in a measurement where the cause is not known and cannot be controlled by the lab worker. One way to judge the indeterminate error in a result is to calculate the standard deviation.The standard deviation (Eqn. 5) of a series of measurements is equal to the upstanding root of the sum of the squares of the deviations for each measurement from the average divided by one less than the number of measurements.Eqn. 5Example 6Using interrogatoryple 4, calculate the standard deviation.Solution 6Standard Deviation = = 1.71gExponential Notation and Significant FiguresExponential notation, also known as standard form or as scientific notation, is a way of writing number that accommodates values too large or small to be conveniently write in standard quantitative notation. Scientific notation has a number of useful properties and is often used in sciences such as chemistry, physics, etc.In scientific notation, all numbers are written like thisa x 10b(a times ten to the power of b), where the exponent b is an integer, and the coefficient a is any real number (number between 1 and 9.999..).Example 7 Express the following number in exponential or scientific notation.0.067 gb) 0.000873 gc) 58923 gd) 112.483 gSolution 76.7 x 10-2 gb) 8.73 x 10-4 gc) 5.8923 x 104 gd) 1.12483 x 102 gIn chemistry, you will often have to use numbers in exponential notation in mathematical operations. The following five operations are importantAdding and Subtracting Numbers Expressed in Scientific NotationWhen adding or subtracting two numbers, first convert them to the same powers of 10. The digit terms are then added or subtracted as a ppropriate(1.234 x 10-3) + (5.623 x 10-2) = (0.1234 x 10-2) + (5.623 x 10-2) = 5.746 x 10-2Multiplication of Numbers Expressed in Scientific Notation(6.0 x 1023) x (2.0 x 10-2) = (6.0)(2.0 x 1023-2) = 12 x 1021 = 1.2 x 1022 particle of Numbers Expressed in Scientific Notation7.60 x 103 = 7.60 x 103-2 = 6.18 x 1011.23 x 102 1.23Powers of Numbers Expressed in Scientific Notation(5.28 x 103)2 = (5.28)2 x 1032 = 27.9 x 106 = 2.79 x 107Roots of Numbers Expressed in Scientific Notation-3.6 x 107 = -36 x 106 = -36 x -106 = 6.0 x 103Significant figures are the digits in a measured quantity that were observed with the measuring device.The rules for determining the amount of significant figures are as followsZeroes between two other significant digits are significant. For example, both 5309 and 50.08 contain four significant figures.Zeroes to the right of a nonzero number and also to the right of a decimal place are significant. For example, in the number 3.70 cm, the zero is significant.Zer oes that are placeholders are not significant. There are two types of numbers that fall under this rule.The first are decimal numbers with zeroes that occur before the first nonzero digit. For example, in 0.0015, but the 1 and the 5 are significant the zeroes are not. This number has two significant figures.The second are numbers with trailing zeroes that must be there to indicate the magnitude of the number. For example, the zeroes in the number 15,000 may or may not be significant it depends on whether they were measured or not. To avoid confusion with regard to such numbers, we shall assume in this book that trailing zeroes are significant when there is a decimal point to the right of the last zero.The rules for using significant figures in calculations are as followsWhen adding or subtracting numbers, the number of decimal places in the answer is equal to the number of decimal places in the number with the fewest digits after the decimal.In multiplication or division, the numb er of significant figures in the answer is unconquerable by the quantity with the fewest significant figures.When a number is rounded off, the last digit to be retained is increased by one only if the following digit is 5 or greater.IV. GraphingThroughout chemistry, graphs will be used when analyzing experimental data with a goal of obtaining a mathematical equivalence (Equation 6) that may help us predict new results. y = mx + b Eqn. 6y = dependent variable m = slope of the phone line x = is the independent variable b = y interceptExample 8Use Figure 1 below to solve this example. In Figure 1, you have a standard solution curve of CuSO4 5H2O. An unknown prototype was analyzed to determine the concentration of CuSO4 5H2O and the wavelength was 335nm. Calculate the concentration of CuSO4 5H2O in the unknown sample using the straight line equation.Solution 8y = 2.8571x + 190.48y = 335 nm and x = x = (y 190.48) 2.8571x = (335nm 190.48) 2.8571x = 50.6 mmolName______________ __________________________Section/Day/Time________________________MATHEMATICS IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY grooming SHEETUnits of MeasurementHow many centimeters are in 1675 ft?If an object has a weight of 0.700 ounces, what is its mass in milligrams? In kilograms?On the average, the moon takes 30 days, 8 hours, and 56.8 minutes to make a complete circuit around the Earth. Express this time in hours? In minutes?Carry out the following conversionsa) 10 m = _____ km = _____ cm = _____ mmb) 5.5 g = _____ kg = _____ ozs = _____gc) 400 cm = _____ ft = _____ in. = _____md) 45 m/sec = _____ ft/sec. = _____ km/hr = _____mile/hre) 9.9 in2 = _____ cm2 = _____ ft2 = _____mm2Aluminum is a lightweight metal (density = 2.70 g/cm3) used in aircraft construction, high-voltage transmission lines, beverage cans, and foils. What is its density in kg/m3?Ethanol boils at 351.7 K. What is this temperature in Celsius? What is this temperature in Fahrenheit?Name______________________________________Section/Day/Tim e_________________________MATHEMATICS IN GENERAL CHEMISTRYHOMEWORK SHEET (pg. 2)II. Statistical AnalysisA General Chemistry Laboratory had 5 students in it. A test was given the actual grade that could be earned on the exam was a 100. The grades were as followsStudent NumberGrade199280379488595Determine the followingAveragePercent ErrorStandard DeviationExponential Notation and Significant FiguresExpress the answers to the following calculations in scientific notation145.75 + (2.3 x 10-2)89,500 / (2.5 x 103)(7.9 x 10-3) (9.0 x 10-5)(1.0 x 105) x (9.9 x 106)Determine the number of significant figures in each of the following measurements5748 mi38 mL60,293 km0.0005 cmName______________________________________Section/Day/Time_________________________MATHEMATICS IN GENERAL CHEMISTRYHOMEWORK SHEET (pg. 3)GraphingUsing the graph below (Figure 2)What is the value of x when y = 32?What is the value of y when x = 5.50?What are the slope and the y-intercept of the line?What is the value of y when x = 6.67?

The History Of Mahindra And Mahindra

The History Of Mahindra And MahindraK. C. Mahindra is the person who established Mahindra and Mahindra when he visited United States of America as Chairman of the India Supply Mission. When he met Barney Roos who invented general purpose vehicle or Jeep who was the inspiration for K. C. Mahindra.K. C. Mahindra Brothers joined with Ghulam Mohammed. And Mahindra Mohammed was destiny up as franchise for assembling jeeps from Willys, USA on October 2nd, 1945.After Two years Mahindra Mohammed changed its name to Mahindra Mahindra. Mahindra Mahindra giving in size and stature and it besides occupied a premier position in all key sectors of economy. Mahindra Mahindra assemblage is engaged in an aspirant and prolonged penetration into the global arena.DIFFERENT VEHICLES IN MAHINDRA MAHINDRAFIG a Indias first Prime Minister. FIG b Mahindra ScorpioA passenger in the oldenFIG c The electric car of Mahindra and FIG d Mahindra tractor.its name is Mahindra REVA.FIG e Mahindra Jeeps a re used FIG f Two bicyclist model in Mahindra Mahindrafor daily transport in Agra. and its name is Mahindra Flyte.The partnership encapsulated its ambition, spirit and inspiration from golden words of Pandit Jawaharlal NehruThe woods are lovely, dark and deep, exclusively I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.The golden words are translated into many more milestones to be set up before it rest.Today, It has evolved into a premium SUV(Sport Utility Vehicle) and MUV(Multi Utility Vehicle) with a large number of cars in the Indian car market. Today in the Indian car market we can see three types of Mahindra cars they are Mahindra Bolero, Mahindra Maxx, Mahindra Scorpio. In the present scenario Mahindra Mahindra total turnover is of about 6 billion dollars.Organization analytic thinkingMission/VisionGoals and ObjectivesStrategy followedVision Indians are second in the world in manufacturing automobiles. The put upers of our nation an d our high society passionately believed by us. We will hear them right by believing in ourselves and by making MM Ltd. known worldwide for the quality of its product and services. And its new noveltys.The important goal of Mahindra Mahindra is to pull up stakes highly technological innovative product and services .E-business Initiatives and by out sourcing of technologyProducts that redefined the marketBy 2015 Mahindra Mahindra indirect requests to visualize almost all continents in the world. conjugation ventures, acquisition and merger with different players in other countriesForeign competition.Mission of Anand MahindraWe dont have a group-wide mission statement. Our core purpose is what makes all of us emergency to get up and come to work in the morning.Mr. Mahindra awardsRajiv Gandhi Award 2004 for outstanding contribution in business field.From President of French Republic as dub of the Order of Merit.In the year 2005 from Auto Monitor as Person of the year.From Ameri can India Foundation 2005 Leadership Award for his, and the Mahindra Mahindra group for its commitment to CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility).CNBC Asia line of business Leader Award for the year 2006.Business Man of the year 2007 from Business India.Business Leader of the year 2009 by Economic Times.Miles stones of Mahindra MahindraIn 1948 Mahindra Mahindra LTD associated with UK for Steel duty business.In 1957 Mahindra Owen established- a joint venture with Rubery Owen Company LTD, UK.In 1969 the Company entered the world market which exports utility vehicles and spare parts.In 1975 Mahindra Engines developed an diesel railway locomotive for its vehicles.In 1982 the Mahindra brand tractors were launched.In 1986 Tech Mahindra (formerly known as Mahindra British Telecom) is established.In 1994 Mahindra group created 6 Strategic Business Units they are Automotive or Automobiles, Trading, Farm Equipment, Infrastructure, Financial Services, Information Technology(earlier it is Te lecom and Software) and Systech(earlier it is MSAT).In 1999 Mahindra group launched a 3-wheeler vehicle which is environmental friendly, a battery-operated.In the year 2007 Mahindra group condenseed on health and the environment. It launched Mahindra Hariyali, which aims to add 1 million trees to Indias green cover and it also launched Lifeline Express.In the year 2007 Tech Mahindra LTD launched Tech Mahindra Foundation on June thirteenth 2007.These are the some of the milestones of Mahindra Mahindra groups.FOUR Is of Mahindra MahindraThe four IsINNOVATIONS.INFRASTRUCTURE.INVESTIMENT.INSTITUTIONS.INNOVATIONS Mahindra Mahindra is one of the top industry in India. The director of the Mahindra Mahindra Anand Mahindra put innovation is the core of its growth strategy. The radical innovation is successful in managing the balance in the midst of the structured processes and the creation of an environment.According to this MM groupInnovation should start with the insight about custom er, which the Mahindra Mahindra group found by going to fields and observing the lives of farmers. And this group found that the tractors were used for personal use.The Mahindra Mahindra group encourages the experiments.The new inventions should add value to confederations bottom line that is naught but profit.The important point is that great products should have great design.Thus Mahindra Mahindra took this initiative and made the culture of innovation.INFRASTRUCTURE The Mahindra Mahindra infrastructure is a JV between Mahindra assort and International Finance Corporation. It works close association with global companies to bring world class technologies and practices. It mainly focus on ownership, development and oversight of infrastructure projects. It is becoming the leading infrastructure developer in the country.INSTITUTIONS The Mahindra Mahindra group is placed in all sectors likeTelecommunications and it is named as Tech Mahindra.Software, Mahindra Mahindra came t o software field by and by buying Satyam company and it is named as Mahindra SatyamMahindra Mahindra also has its recognition in the Infrastructure and it is named as Mahindra Infrastructure Developers. In this it also have holiday resorts it named as Mahindra Holidays and reanimate LTD (MHRIL)Mahindra Mahindra is one of the top industry in India for automobiles and it is the starting point of Mahindra Mahindra company.Mahindra Mahindra also involved in financial sector and its name is Mahindra Mahindra Financial Service LTD.Mahindra Mahindra Group also have Mahindra Special Services which was established in 2001 as a separate division in Mahindra Mahindra.Mahindra Mahindra also have Mahindra Defence Systems which oversees the necessity of Indias Defence and Security forces.INVESTIMENTS Mahindra Mahindra group have shares in many companies. Presently Mahindra Mahindra Group want to acquire Ssangyong and expand its business in international market. scarcely on other ha nd, its investors are quite suspicious regarding the investment. In the past Mahindra Mahindra Group made many Joint Ventures and acquisitions and it has forayed into different sectors of automobiles like light, medium and surd commercial vehicles. It also ambitious to acquire two wheelers also.PESTEL ANALYSIS ON MAHINDRA MAHINDRAMany factors in the environment that affect the organization areTax changes. sell barriers.Government policy changes.New laws.Demographic change.These are the some of the macro changes. Thus to analyze these factors we categorize them using PESTEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis includes Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Ecological, Legal factors.Political Factors This is a Government policy which includes what are the unassailables and services does a Government want, to what extent the government can subsidize firms and its priorities in political decisions and business support.The factors associate to Mahindra Mahindra groupFor Mahindra t ractor industry the Government laid stress on mechanism of agriculture to boost food grain production.Change in Taxation policy.Regaining rude dynamism is the key goal in eleventh Five year plan.ECONOMICAL FACTORS The Economical factors which includes taxation change, inflation, gratify rates, economic growth and exchange rates.The factors related to Mahindra Mahindra groupCost of tractors in India are more cheaper when compared to other countries.95% of tractors are on credit based.For agriculture inputs Less interest rate charged by the banks.Social Factors As the population increases the expect on goods get increased. Thus on that point will be need for firm products and industry.As there is increase in awareness in farmers there is a need technology and thus there is a requirement of tractors and farmers can buy tractors on credit bases.To meet the farmers demand the mechanized operations are preferred to eliminate delay, also labor shortage.The other main important thing which Mahindra Mahindra do for its long-term sustain big businessman is CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility). Mahindra Mahindra group spend Rs. 1.3 crore it is head donation in its annual report. Its activities include K. C. Mahindra Education Trust which provides education at various levels. at that place is another program for helping unprivileged girl child at the Mahindra induction it is Nanhi. This are the main things which are done by Mahindra Mahindra group for its long-term sustainability. The Mahindra Mahindra also have its own foundation as Mahindra Foundation which was set up with a specific objective that to provide medical relief to poor people.The Mahindra foundation always very responsive to any major disasters whether it has been taken as tsunami or the Gujarat earthquake, it provided support either by financially or by send vehicles, supplying manpower or material.Technological Factors Increase in new Technology can create new products and process which can reduce the cost, purify the quality, lead to innovation and also reduce the life cycle of the product. This technology will benefit consumers as well as organizations.The factors related to Mahindra Mahindra group never-ending technological innovation.Continuous improvement in technology will reduce use of Renewable energy development.Ecological Factors It include weather and climate change. The major climate changes occurring due to Acid rain, Green-house effect, Global warming thus it is becoming significant for the firms. Thus because of this impact environmentally friendly products and processes have more demand and also creating business opportunities.The factors related to Mahindra Mahindra groupGlobal Warming.Mahindra group is trying to release electric cars to reduce the pollution and also reduce the usage of renewable goods.Legal Factors Legal factors are related to efficacious environment. In recent years the developing countries changed the Legal factors which affecte d the firms in other countries due to globalization.The legal factors related to Mahindra Mahindra groupAgricultural policyCollaboration with government which shapes policy issues.SWOT ANALYSISSWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) of Mahindra Mahindra groupStrengths of Mahindra Mahindra groupMahindra Mahindra is one of the top players in the world in terms of number of tractors sold. This itself shows that Mahindra Mahindra market share is the biggest strength of the company. It also have highest domestic share. The some other strengths of Mahindra Mahindra groupProduct portfolio of Mahindra Mahindra got elongate from 20hp to 30hp.There is government support for Mahindra Mahindra Group.AAvailability of technically skilled people from JTC (Jiangling Tractor Company).For its next stage of expansion Mahindra Mahindra have a strategy. It not only focus on new products, it also have a programme of intensive management development to establish its leader for future. The major strength of Mahindra Mahindra is it have ability to introduce new products and process in to the market and also can generate sales for those new products.Weakness of Mahindra Mahindra groupThe production is non-competitive because of high interest costs and overheads.Infrastructure of this group is Bottle neck.The companys passenger cars are based upon 3rd and 4th generation platform.In this group there is lack of faculty for new plant layout.Another weakness of Mahindra Mahindra is multi franchise.In Mahindra Mahindra there is no effective dealership.The MM is mainly dependent on rural sector, the rural sector mainly depends on monsoon. Thus if there is bad monsoon for two consecutive years which leads to adverse impact on demand for tractors.Opportunities of Mahindra Mahindra groupRural demand is increased.Income level is increasing.Ban for overloading of commercial vehicles.With the support of local partners there is an easy entry to Chinese market.The Mahindra Mahindra will be more competitive in Chinese market if they provided after sales service.To get more demand the Mahindra Mahindra group should export Chinese range tractors to India and Indian range tractors to china.Mahindra also entered in to software field after buying satyam and renamed it as Mahindra Satyam.Threats of Mahindra Mahindra groupInput cost got increased.Competition also increasing.The most important threat of Mahindra Mahindra is legal consideration.In China the Banking facilities are undeveloped.The MM also involved in different fields like holidays, telecom industry, financial services and resort etc. Which should have good subsidiaries from time to time if these are unmanageable this will divert the companys attention from its business which leads to destruction of shareholders value.Mahindra Mahindra will face more competition if the foreign players enter in to the tractor segment because these foreign players are technically more competitive when compared to MM.CONCULSION Thus according to research on Mahindra Mahindra Group it shows that the company uses the Strategic profound points in the external environment for long-term sustainability and sustained success. It is the one which encourages the new ideas and also have plan to sale the new product in the market. This company is the one which try to develop new products for consumers. Mahindra Mahindra company is also socially responsible it give 1.3 crore only from its annual report for helping poor and unprivileged girls. Which shows that the company not only think about its profits but also feel the responsible about our country India. It is that which also do international business with other countries. It also have a clear vision and goal which shows the dedication of the company. The mission itself says that it is not thinking about profits but it want develop ourselves. Mahindra and Mahindra tries to develop the new products which do not harm the environment and save the r enewable resources example MAHINDRA REVA which is an electric car. According to research it shows that Mahindra Mahindra is one company which is respected and trusted by consumers and it is the top industry in INDIA..

Perspectives of Marriage in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Perspectives of Marriage in Jane Eyre Many novels speak of love and indulging in passion, but few speak of the dynamics that actually make a marriage work. Jane Eyre is one of these novels. It doesnt display the fleeing passions of a Romeo and Juliet. This is due entirely to Brontes sights on marriage and love. The first exception to the traditional couple the reader is shown is Rochesters marriage to Bertha. This example shows the consequences of indulging in passion. The other side is shown through another marvellous would-be couple, Rosamund and St. John. Through this pair, Bronte reveals the consequences of indulging in duty. Another view of marriage is also present in the book, through the character Jane Eyre and her actions. The first example of Brontes view on the role of passion is in Rochesters marriage to Bertha. This marriage is based entirely on passion. Rochester does nothing to either restrain or question his passion. Because of his freakish pas sion, he entraps himself in an unfufilling marriage. He thought nothing of his duty and his consequence of this was he becomes the pride owner of a marriage based entirely on duty. Through Rochesters choices and consequences of those choices, the reader can see that Bronte asserts that marriage decisions based on passion and ignoring the role of duty leave behind bring more than the loss of passion, it will bring an abundance of what you failed to factor into the decision, duty. People have to take care of responsibilities if they want to have fun and happiness later. In case the reader failed to blemish the opportunity the Rochester marriage gives her to see Brontes views, she puts in the book the could-be St. John marriage. St. John decides not to marry Rosamund Oliver based on his passion for her. He completely shuns his passion, the opposite extreme of Rochester. In doing this and basing his marriage decision on his duty to God, he looses a genuine chance to gain true happiness. Through this example in Jane Eyre, Bronte is trying to show the reader that the opposite end of the spectrum is also wrong in making a marriage decision.

Coop :: essays research papers

My advice to aboutone starting his or her coop would be to start as soon as possible. one hundred fifty or 250 hours is a long time, especially if you already have another job. This coop led to two and a half months of a very work and hectic schedule. It is a very important part of the learning process and I dont recommend rushing it. In my case I found it a difficult task remembering where I was supposed to be on a certain twenty-four hour period, so I bought myself a day planner. I also advise future students starting their coops from trying to do things that you may not feel convenient with. With me, I was not very comfortable with some of the DOS commands needed to build a new computer. All you have to do is ask someone, no matter how dumb you think the headland is because this is supposed to be a learning experience and it will also help you learn to communicate. You will get more out of the coop by asking questions, which why we do the coop.BBS Computing is located in Gr eece New York It is a Computer Sales, Service center that also does some Networking systems. capital of Minnesota Saussa, Ron Bess and John Bonacci are both owners and employees of the disdain. It is a relatively small business that mainly does computer sales and repair with some occasional networking jobs. The actual business consists of a show room and a workshop. The showroom has different models of computers that customers can have built to buy. There are 4 different types depending on a customers budget for a computer. The low-end models consisting of a Pentium III processor and 256 Mb of RAM and the basic keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, and speakers, and the high-end models consisting of a Pentium 4 processor or homogeneous with 256 or more Mb of DDR RAM and premium speakers, keyboard, mouse, printer and monitor. Thus, meaning you get what you pay for. The display models allow you to show a customer some of the features of the different types of computer systems that are offered. Such things as operating systems much(prenominal) as Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000, and Windows XP, and also programs like Nero for CD burners, All-in-Wonder TV tuner cards and applications such as Microsoft Office. This was my first opportunity to work with Windows XP.

Literary Review: Hedda Gabler Essays -- essays research papers

Title Hedda GablerAuthor Henrik IbsenSetting Un-named metropolis in Norway (probably Christiania - the Norwegian hood then)Time Period 1890Major CharactersHedda Gabler - (married name Hedda Tesman) Daughter of an aristocratic general who spoiled her. Shes used to a life of luxury in which she gets anything she wants. She is bore with her life because theres nothing new for her to see or experience. She marries George Tesman so that she wont be an oddball in society. Shes intimately thirty and realizes that shes not getting any younger or desirable. Hes the only one of her suitors who grovels for her hand in marriage, so she chooses him. She like a shot sees that she will be able to manipulate him into giving her anything she wants. She puts up with the fact that hes only interested in past civilizations and he doesnt satisfy any of her needs. She wants the power to shape the lives of others, and her obvious ennui wrecks not only her life, but the lives of all who come in contac t with her as well.George Tesman - in truth kind and intelligent man. He was raised by his aunts, Juliana and Rina. He remains devoted to them, even though Rina is an invalid. He does everything in his power to give Hedda the life shes used to. He annoys not only characters in the story, but readers as well. After almost all his sentences he asks the question Eh? (or What? depending on the translation). He is a gentleman and serves Hedda as if he were her slave and not her husband. He even accepts financial support from his aunt Juliana so that he can fork out the kind of life Hedda is used to, and to pay for the house he though she really wanted. He even depends on becoming the professor of history so that shell be proud of him and theyll have more financial security. He doesnt realize Hedda is manipulative, despises him, and doesnt even want to have their child. He believes her lies that she burnt the holograph for him as an act of love.Judge Brack - likes to gossip and be know e verything going on in peoples private affairs. He has connections around the city and uses that to provide information to Tesman about his candidacy for professorship in history. He informs them of the competition from Eilert Lovborg for the professorship, and also of his death. Brack shares an intimate relationship with Hedda, and she confides in him about her tediousness she has with he... ...straight in the lead of her and comments, So that pretty little fool has had her fingers in a mans destiny.Lovborg asks Hedda, Was there no love in your friendship for me either? non a spark--not a tinge of love in it? In this he expresses that he truly felt love for her, and that is what gave her power over him.Hedda asks herself, Oh, why does everything I touch give out mean and ludicrous? Its like a curse This comment emphasizes the fact that her ennui is affecting all of those around her. It has caused her to become nihilistic and wreak havoc on the lives of others for her own amusem ent.Hedda comments, I think I have a natural talent for boring myself to death. She realizes that much of her boredom is self-inflicted, just like when she told Judge Brack that as you make your bed so you must lieLovborg tells Hedda, It wasnt secret knowledge you wanted. You wanted life. They were discussing her curiosity in the past about his sinful life. She replies, I want to have the power to shape a human beings destiny.Hedda says, Yes, theres something in the house of the odor of deathOh, my dear Judge--you cant imagine how horribly Im going to bore myself here.